INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
The International Journal of Applied Science and Technology (IJAST) is a peer-reviewed, bi-annual journal aimed at academicians, professionals, and researchers across fields like Basic Sciences, Engineering, Technology, and Humanities. It publishes high-quality, refereed papers, with a focus on theoretical and practical developments. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including emerging areas in science, technology, and applications benefiting society. IJAST encourages submissions on applied sciences, interdisciplinary technologies, information assurance, security, wireless communication, and various other fields like environmental sustainability, emerging technologies, and HR management. The journal aims to foster innovation and disseminate knowledge to both academic and professional communities. Manuscripts should be original, unpublished, and follow the journal's format for review and editing. Submissions are welcomed in double-column format to ijast.online@gmail.com
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS CONVERGENCE SUMMIT: BRIDGING DISCIPLINES FOR PROGRESS
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))] sm:AIPRM__conversation__response" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="8113dbd3-0004-4d05-b386-e7418ef0e95b" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> The National Conference on Recent Trends, titled “Convergence Summit: Bridging Disciplines for Progress,” is a multidisciplinary forum designed to bring together researchers, academicians, professionals, and industry experts to explore emerging trends shaping a rapidly evolving world. Centered on the concept of convergence, the conference emphasizes the integration of knowledge, ideas, and technologies across diverse disciplines to address complex global challenges such as climate change, healthcare innovation, and digital transformation. The summit aims to dismantle traditional academic and industrial silos by encouraging cross-disciplinary dialogue, collaboration, and the exchange of innovative perspectives. Through keynote addresses by eminent experts, panel discussions, research paper presentations, and interactive workshops, participants engage in meaningful knowledge sharing and collaborative problem-solving. The conference also serves as a vibrant networking platform, fostering connections that can lead to sustained research collaborations, interdisciplinary projects, and professional growth. By promoting the cross-pollination of ideas, the Convergence Summit acts as a catalyst for innovation, enabling solutions that transcend individual disciplines. Overall, the conference underscores the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in driving sustainable progress and shaping the future of academia, industry, and society in an increasingly interconnected world.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NATIONALCONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Conference proceedings, commonly presented in books of abstracts, are essential documents that encapsulate the essence of academic gatherings and serve as a repository of knowledge and research insights. In the context of the "National Conference on Science, Technology & Management". These proceedings offer a glimpse into the vast spectrum of interdisciplinary research and innovation presented at the event. The title of the conference itself, "Science, Technology & Management," aptly summarizes the primary domains of focus, highlighting the critical intersections and interactions between these fields. These proceedings are a testimony to the remarkable confluence of scientific, technological, and managerial perspectives that converged during the conference. Typically, the contents of such conference proceedings are organized into thematic sections, each dedicated to a specific field or topic discussed at the event. Within these sections, you will find abstracts that provide concise yet comprehensive summaries of the research and presentations made. These abstracts offer a glimpse into the research questions addressed, the methodologies employed, and the key findings and implications of each study. Visual aids, such as graphs, charts, and images, are often included to enhance the clarity and understanding of complex research concepts. These visuals serve as effective tools to convey the essence of the research to a broader audience. Conference proceedings also typically contain sections for acknowledgments, expressing gratitude to the organizing committee, peer reviewers, and contributors who played vital roles in making the event a success. This section underlines the collaborative spirit of the conference and the dedication of numerous individuals who contributed to its success. Additionally, logistical information is often included in these proceedings, such as the conference program, author and presenter biographies, and contact details for further inquiries. This information serves as a valuable resource for readers interested in connecting with authors or delving deeper into specific research projects. In conclusion, the "National Conference on Science, Technology & Management" proceedings are not just a collection of abstracts but represent a cross-section of the intellectual dynamism and innovation that unfolded during the conference. These abstracts serve as a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and professionals seeking to explore the latest developments in diverse disciplines, all brought together by the shared emphasis on science, technology, and management. These proceedings provide a window into the fusion of ideas and innovation that is at the heart of interdisciplinary conferences.
Ten Commandments of Management Education in India
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"cpr0c","text":"The education system presently prevailing in India mainly consists of Primary Education, Secondary Education, Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education. Primary Education consists of eight years of education, Secondary Education consists of two years of education and also the Senior Secondary Education consists of two years of education. Higher Education in India consists of three years. Post Graduation courses in India are generally of two years of duration. After completing Post Graduation, scope for doing Ph.D. Research in various educational institutes also available in India. As far as Management Education is concerned the Government of India established the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and at present there are 19 IIMs in India at Calcutta, Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kozhikode, Indore, Shillong, Rohtak, Ranchi, Raipur, Tiruchirappalli, Udaipur, Kashipur, Nagpur, Bodhgaya, Vishakhapatnam, Amritsar, Sambalpur, and Sirmaur. Many Central Universities started ‘Full Time’ MBA Programmes in 1960s and 1970s. By 1980, several State Universities across the country also started MBA Programmes. Private Sector entered the Management Education field after liberalization of Indian economy in 1991. There was a surge of private Management Institutions in the country offering Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management/Post Graduate Diploma in Management. A number of industrial/corporate houses formed their ‘Educational Trusts/Societies to start Management Institutions. But, with reference to the Management Education System in India, there arise some important questions like - whether there exist an appropriate Curriculum, whether the Faculty available are qualified enough, whether the Infrastructure is sufficient, whether the Training and Placement Facilities are reasonable enough, what is the Role of AICTE and Role of Stakeholders in Management Education, whether the Industry Interaction is sufficient, whether the Ranking and Grading System of Management institutions is to be revised and redefined, what is the importance of the International Management Education Linkage etc. etc. These questions are being discussed in the present research work – ‘Ten Commandments of Management Education in India’","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The education system presently prevailing in India mainly consists of Primary Education, Secondary Education, Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education. Primary Education consists of eight years of education, Secondary Education consists of two years of education and also the Senior Secondary Education consists of two years of education. Higher Education in India consists of three years. Post Graduation courses in India are generally of two years of duration. After completing Post Graduation, scope for doing Ph.D. Research in various educational institutes also available in India. As far as Management Education is concerned the Government of India established the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and at present there are 19 IIMs in India at Calcutta, Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kozhikode, Indore, Shillong, Rohtak, Ranchi, Raipur, Tiruchirappalli, Udaipur, Kashipur, Nagpur, Bodhgaya, Vishakhapatnam, Amritsar, Sambalpur, and Sirmaur. Many Central Universities started ‘Full Time’ MBA Programmes in 1960s and 1970s. By 1980, several State Universities across the country also started MBA Programmes. Private Sector entered the Management Education field after liberalization of Indian economy in 1991. There was a surge of private Management Institutions in the country offering Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management/Post Graduate Diploma in Management. A number of industrial/corporate houses formed their ‘Educational Trusts/Societies to start Management Institutions. But, with reference to the Management Education System in India, there arise some important questions like - whether there exist an appropriate Curriculum, whether the Faculty available are qualified enough, whether the Infrastructure is sufficient, whether the Training and Placement Facilities are reasonable enough, what is the Role of AICTE and Role of Stakeholders in Management Education, whether the Industry Interaction is sufficient, whether the Ranking and Grading System of Management institutions is to be revised and redefined, what is the importance of the International Management Education Linkage etc. etc. These questions are being discussed in the present research work – ‘Ten Commandments of Management Education in India’
Copyright (c) 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Phosphate Solubilising Bacteriaon Vigna Radiata (L.)Wilczek
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"fdon","text":"The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations( 10% 20% 30%) of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on seed germination, plant growth and proline content in nodules and leaves of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). An experiment was carried out with the seeds obtained of mung bean sown in field with PSB and without PSB. The results reveal on overall increase in all parameters in the inoculated plants than their comparable uninoculated ones. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with 30% concentration, on Vigna radiata(L.) showed the higher effect on seed germination, plant growth, fresh and dry matter, protein, leghaemoglobin and chlorophyll content as compared to 10% 20% concentration of phosphate solubilizing bacteria.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations( 10% 20% 30%) of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on seed germination, plant growth and proline content in nodules and leaves of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). An experiment was carried out with the seeds obtained of mung bean sown in field with PSB and without PSB. The results reveal on overall increase in all parameters in the inoculated plants than their comparable uninoculated ones. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with 30% concentration, on Vigna radiata(L.) showed the higher effect on seed germination, plant growth, fresh and dry matter, protein, leghaemoglobin and chlorophyll content as compared to 10% 20% concentration of phosphate solubilizing bacteria.
Vigna radiata(L.) phosphate solubilizing bacteria
Research Agenda in Human-Computer Interaction : Interaction Style
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"bk044","text":"This paper discusses the research that has been done in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) relating to human psychology. A brief overview of HCI is presented. Specific examples of research in the areas of icons and menus are then reviewed. The results of these experiments and the predictions they make about general human psychology and specific human interaction with computers is discussed. Mental models of user interface interaction are discussed and compared to mental models of real world object. Finally, future directions for research are proposed. The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented growth in user interface and human–computer interaction (HCI) technologies and methods. The synergy of technological and methodological progress on the one hand, and changing user expectations on the other, are contributing to a redefinition of the requirements for effective and desirable human–computer interaction. A key component of these emerging requirements and of effective HCI in general, is the ability of these emerging systems to address user affect. The objective of this special issue is to provide an introduction to the emerging research area of affective HCI, some of the available methods and techniques, and representative systems and applications. “The question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is”.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">This paper discusses the research that has been done in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) relating to human psychology. A brief overview of HCI is presented. Specific examples of research in the areas of icons and menus are then reviewed. The results of these experiments and the predictions they make about general human psychology and specific human interaction with computers is discussed. Mental models of user interface interaction are discussed and compared to mental models of real world object. Finally, future directions for research are proposed. The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented growth in user interface and human–computer interaction (HCI) technologies and methods. The synergy of technological and methodological progress on the one hand, and changing user expectations on the other, are contributing to a redefinition of the requirements for effective and desirable human–computer interaction. A key component of these emerging requirements and of effective HCI in general, is the ability of these emerging systems to address user affect. The objective of this special issue is to provide an introduction to the emerging research area of affective HCI, some of the available methods and techniques, and representative systems and applications. “The question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is”.
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"3qgeo","text":"Motivating others is truly an art. Through constructive delegation practices, conscientious work monitoring, and the provision of meaningful feedback, we can motivate others to perform to the extent of their ability. These managerial skills will serve as the foundation for excellence in overall associate management, mentoring, and professional development. Well-managed people are motivated to continue developing skills to meet the desired expectations as people are under less stress because they have a motivated, well-trained with workforce in place. This paper is presented to help understand the relationship between motivation and self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning can be facilitated by the adoption of mastery and relative ability goals and hindered by the adoption of extrinsic goals. Summary analyses provided support for the theory that the pursuit of performance goals has an undermining effect on intrinsic motivation relative to the pursuit of mastery goals. Moderator analyses were conducted in an attempt to explain significant variation in the magnitude and direction of this effect across studies. These findings provide conceptual clarity to the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and suggest numerous avenues for subsequent pragmatic motivational strategies.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Motivating others is truly an art. Through constructive delegation practices, conscientious work monitoring, and the provision of meaningful feedback, we can motivate others to perform to the extent of their ability. These managerial skills will serve as the foundation for excellence in overall associate management, mentoring, and professional development. Well-managed people are motivated to continue developing skills to meet the desired expectations as people are under less stress because they have a motivated, well-trained with workforce in place. This paper is presented to help understand the relationship between motivation and self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning can be facilitated by the adoption of mastery and relative ability goals and hindered by the adoption of extrinsic goals. Summary analyses provided support for the theory that the pursuit of performance goals has an undermining effect on intrinsic motivation relative to the pursuit of mastery goals. Moderator analyses were conducted in an attempt to explain significant variation in the magnitude and direction of this effect across studies. These findings provide conceptual clarity to the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and suggest numerous avenues for subsequent pragmatic motivational strategies.
Stability Criterion of a Processing Plantusing PID Controller
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"ftk92","text":"This paper presents an stability criterion of an unstable Processing Plant using PID Controller. The effect of time delay plays an important and significant role for considering of the stability of Processing having generator and excitation control system and it’s associated with other measuring devices, communication links used for data transfer. The time delay also called as delay margin is determined ideally by using PID controller. Under some specified condition of time delay, the processing plant having excitation loses and their stability. Therefore, to make the system stable, an stabilizer is used to generate the processing signals for the specified time in order to damper the low frequency oscillations for the time delay and PID controller with stabilizer. It performs the better operation of the processing.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}"> This paper presents an stability criterion of an unstable Processing Plant using PID Controller. The effect of time delay plays an important and significant role for considering of the stability of Processing having generator and excitation control system and it’s associated with other measuring devices, communication links used for data transfer. The time delay also called as delay margin is determined ideally by using PID controller. Under some specified condition of time delay, the processing plant having excitation loses and their stability. Therefore, to make the system stable, an stabilizer is used to generate the processing signals for the specified time in order to damper the low frequency oscillations for the time delay and PID controller with stabilizer. It performs the better operation of the processing.
Design of octagon shape microstrippatch antenna for multiband application
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"5k6ui","text":"In this work three rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented on glass epoxy FR4 substrate having thickness of 1.6 mm. In these three antennas one is simple rectangular patch antenna and the other two are slotted patch design in the shape of octagon. Probe feed technique is used in all the designs. The multiband behaviour is analyzed using two slotted forms of the designed patch antennas. The proposed antenna covers multiband frequencies in the range from 1.6 to 5.9 GHz. It is simulated using IE3D simulator. Electrical parameters of the antenna like return loss; radiation pattern, directivity & VSWR exc. are investigated. The relationship between geometric sizes of the patch and the electrical parameter speciûcations of the antenna is researched.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">In this work three rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented on glass epoxy FR4 substrate having thickness of 1.6 mm. In these three antennas one is simple rectangular patch antenna and the other two are slotted patch design in the shape of octagon. Probe feed technique is used in all the designs. The multiband behaviour is analyzed using two slotted forms of the designed patch antennas. The proposed antenna covers multiband frequencies in the range from 1.6 to 5.9 GHz. It is simulated using IE3D simulator. Electrical parameters of the antenna like return loss; radiation pattern, directivity & VSWR exc. are investigated. The relationship between geometric sizes of the patch and the electrical parameter speciûcations of the antenna is researched.
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"adab","text":"A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configurable network where nodes are connected by wireless links, can move freely and thus the topology of the network changes constantly[1]. Sensor network have various nodes distributed randomly in a particular area to monitor physical and environmental conditions[4]. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) as well as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from various challenges like low bandwidth, overhead and velocity of nodes. This research contribution is the characterization study between MANETs and WSNs environment with respect to various routing protocols. MANETs and WSNs are auto configurable networks of nodes connected by wireless links, where resources are scarce, and where traditional protocols and networking algorithms are inadequate[1][2]. In this paper we review about the design issues of both type of networks,routing protocols and comparative analysis between these two type of network.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configurable network where nodes are connected by wireless links, can move freely and thus the topology of the network changes constantly[1]. Sensor network have various nodes distributed randomly in a particular area to monitor physical and environmental conditions[4]. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) as well as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from various challenges like low bandwidth, overhead and velocity of nodes. This research contribution is the characterization study between MANETs and WSNs environment with respect to various routing protocols. MANETs and WSNs are auto configurable networks of nodes connected by wireless links, where resources are scarce, and where traditional protocols and networking algorithms are inadequate[1][2]. In this paper we review about the design issues of both type of networks,routing protocols and comparative analysis between these two type of network.
Vibrations Investigateof Octahedral Hexahalogeno-anions
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"e8uf1","text":"The vibrational constants of vibration have been computed for the octahedral hexa-halogeno anions of the metals of VIII group using latest vibrational wavenumbers. Three modified force fields such as GVFF, MUBFF and MOVFF are selected to compute the force constants. The mean amplitudes of vibrations are investigated at three temperatures. The trends among the force constants are examined and the results are logically discussed and some useful conclusions are drawn.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The vibrational constants of vibration have been computed for the octahedral hexa-halogeno anions of the metals of VIII group using latest vibrational wavenumbers. Three modified force fields such as GVFF, MUBFF and MOVFF are selected to compute the force constants. The mean amplitudes of vibrations are investigated at three temperatures. The trends among the force constants are examined and the results are logically discussed and some useful conclusions are drawn.
Research Issues in Wireless SensorNetwork Applications: A Survey
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"1pjb8","text":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in variety of fields which includes military, healthcare, environmental, biological, home and other commercial applications. With the huge advancement in the field of embedded computer and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which is composed of several thousands of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, actuating, and relaying the collected information, have made remarkable impact everywhere. This paper presents an overview of the various research issues in WSN based applications.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in variety of fields which includes military, healthcare, environmental, biological, home and other commercial applications. With the huge advancement in the field of embedded computer and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which is composed of several thousands of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, actuating, and relaying the collected information, have made remarkable impact everywhere. This paper presents an overview of the various research issues in WSN based applications.
Carbon Footprint of theInternet-Based Telecommunicationand Teleconferencing Services
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"3t7k0","text":"A network-based model of the carbon footprint of the Internet has been thrust area and it is presented here and used to determine the carbon decline due to Internet-based telecommuting and teleconferencing services that replace car and air travel. The model presented here includes DSL, FTTN and PON access technologies, edge and core network architectures which have been based upon currently commercially available equipment. We are trying to find out carbon emissions of the Internet and we will factor in this in our analysis in order to obtain an accurate estimate of carbon abatement provided by the Internet","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">A network-based model of the carbon footprint of the Internet has been thrust area and it is presented here and used to determine the carbon decline due to Internet-based telecommuting and teleconferencing services that replace car and air travel. The model presented here includes DSL, FTTN and PON access technologies, edge and core network architectures which have been based upon currently commercially available equipment. We are trying to find out carbon emissions of the Internet and we will factor in this in our analysis in order to obtain an accurate estimate of carbon abatement provided by the Internet
Investigations on Random diagonal Codefor Spectrally Amplitude Coded- OpticalCode Division Multiple Access usingDirect Detection
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"drhel","text":"Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) is a multiple access technique in which multiple users can access the channel simultaneously and arbitrarily. Many codes have been proposed for spectrally amplitude coded-optical code division multiple accesses (SAC-OCDMA) in order to sort out the problem of Multiple Access Interference (MAI) which is the main cause of degradation for the performance of OCDMA. In our work, code with cross-correlation c value zero has been carried out in order to overcome the problem of both Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and Phase Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN). As the value of cross-correlation c is zero, the effect of PIIN has been ignored and finds out that the performance has been degraded only because of the effect of MAI. Direct detection scheme has been used in the proposed setup and with this scheme we find out that 20 users can achieve the Bit Error Rate (BER) upto 4.21E-19, as performance is degraded by increasing the number of users. Comparison is made between different codes such as Walash Hadmard, Modified Double Weight (MDW), Dynamic Cyclic Shift (DCS) and zero cross correlation (ZCC) Random Diagonal Code (RD). Although RD has cross correlation ( c) value very small, simple code construction and less weight, but still RDC performs better.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) is a multiple access technique in which multiple users can access the channel simultaneously and arbitrarily. Many codes have been proposed for spectrally amplitude coded-optical code division multiple accesses (SAC-OCDMA) in order to sort out the problem of Multiple Access Interference (MAI) which is the main cause of degradation for the performance of OCDMA. In our work, code with cross-correlation c value zero has been carried out in order to overcome the problem of both Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and Phase Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN). As the value of cross-correlation c is zero, the effect of PIIN has been ignored and finds out that the performance has been degraded only because of the effect of MAI. Direct detection scheme has been used in the proposed setup and with this scheme we find out that 20 users can achieve the Bit Error Rate (BER) upto 4.21E-19, as performance is degraded by increasing the number of users. Comparison is made between different codes such as Walash Hadmard, Modified Double Weight (MDW), Dynamic Cyclic Shift (DCS) and zero cross correlation (ZCC) Random Diagonal Code (RD). Although RD has cross correlation ( c) value very small, simple code construction and less weight, but still RDC performs better.
Optical Code Division multiple access (OCDMA) and Zero Crosscorrelation (ZCC)
Copyright (c) 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Novel Approach to OptimizeOverhead Internet Gateway for MANET
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"c62es","text":"A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes (such as laptops, PDAs) forming an arbitrary networks without the support of any fixed infrastructure such as base station or access point. In MANET, each node functions as a router and forwards packets to other peer nodes. There is no fixed topology due to the node mobility, which results in interference, multipath propagation and path loss. Mobile nodes have constraints on battery power, computation capacity, bandwidth, and wireless channel leading to number of challenges while designing routing procedures. Determining viable routing paths and delivering messages in a decentralized environment where network topology fluctuates has always attracted the attention of researchers to design new and new mechanism to solve these problems. While the shortest path (based on a given cost function) from a source to a destination in a static network is usually the optimal route, this idea is not easily extended to MANET In this paper, the work proposed a stability aware of Optimized Overhead internet gateway discovery in Mobile Ad-hoc Network that is capable of predicting the stability (i.e., expiration time) of multiple routes. AODV then selects the route that minimizes hop count while staying available for the expected duration of packet transmission. The proposed protocol increases the successful packet transmissions with comparable route establishment and maintenance overheads. A new approach in Ad-Hoc on Demand Routing Protocol (AODV) is based on the prediction of future sleep times of mobile nodes (i.e., the times when mobile nodes’ Selective Forward techniques will turn Mobile Router Advertisement (MRA) their network cards). The goal of this approach is to introduce Optimized-Overhead awareness in routing decisions and thereby to increase the number of successful packet transmissions.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes (such as laptops, PDAs) forming an arbitrary networks without the support of any fixed infrastructure such as base station or access point. In MANET, each node functions as a router and forwards packets to other peer nodes. There is no fixed topology due to the node mobility, which results in interference, multipath propagation and path loss. Mobile nodes have constraints on battery power, computation capacity, bandwidth, and wireless channel leading to number of challenges while designing routing procedures. Determining viable routing paths and delivering messages in a decentralized environment where network topology fluctuates has always attracted the attention of researchers to design new and new mechanism to solve these problems. While the shortest path (based on a given cost function) from a source to a destination in a static network is usually the optimal route, this idea is not easily extended to MANET In this paper, the work proposed a stability aware of Optimized Overhead internet gateway discovery in Mobile Ad-hoc Network that is capable of predicting the stability (i.e., expiration time) of multiple routes. AODV then selects the route that minimizes hop count while staying available for the expected duration of packet transmission. The proposed protocol increases the successful packet transmissions with comparable route establishment and maintenance overheads. A new approach in Ad-Hoc on Demand Routing Protocol (AODV) is based on the prediction of future sleep times of mobile nodes (i.e., the times when mobile nodes’ Selective Forward techniques will turn Mobile Router Advertisement (MRA) their network cards). The goal of this approach is to introduce Optimized-Overhead awareness in routing decisions and thereby to increase the number of successful packet transmissions.
A Robust Page Ranking Method basedon Link-Visits of Web Page
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"8rg8u","text":"Search engines generally return a large number of pages in response to user queries. To assist the users to navigate in the result list, ranking methods are applied on the search results. Web search engines encounter many new challenges with the increased amount of information on the web. Web documents have been a main resource for various purposes, and people rely on search engines to retrieve the desired documents. This paper proposes a dynamic and efficient Page rank algorithm for search engines to return quality results by scoring the relevance of web documents. The modified Page rank algorithm increases the degree of relevance than the original one, and decreases the time and efforts to find the desired documents from the set of results returned by search engine. Here, a page ranking mechanism called PRLV (Page Ranking based on Link Visits)is being devised for search engines, which works on the basic ranking algorithm of Google i.e. Page Rank and takes number of visits of inbound links of Web pages into account. To make rank value of pages dynamic rather than static, a new concept called PRLV is proposed and described, which takes into account users’ behaviour i.e. Link Visit Information, and calculates importance of pages.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Search engines generally return a large number of pages in response to user queries. To assist the users to navigate in the result list, ranking methods are applied on the search results. Web search engines encounter many new challenges with the increased amount of information on the web. Web documents have been a main resource for various purposes, and people rely on search engines to retrieve the desired documents. This paper proposes a dynamic and efficient Page rank algorithm for search engines to return quality results by scoring the relevance of web documents. The modified Page rank algorithm increases the degree of relevance than the original one, and decreases the time and efforts to find the desired documents from the set of results returned by search engine. Here, a page ranking mechanism called PRLV (Page Ranking based on Link Visits)is being devised for search engines, which works on the basic ranking algorithm of Google i.e. Page Rank and takes number of visits of inbound links of Web pages into account. To make rank value of pages dynamic rather than static, a new concept called PRLV is proposed and described, which takes into account users’ behaviour i.e. Link Visit Information, and calculates importance of pages.
An Image Enhancement SteganographyTechnique for Colour Images Coding
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"aa7fh","text":"The internet as a whole does not use secure links, thus information in transit may be vulnerable to interception as well. It is important to reduce the chances of the information being detected during the transmission. This is an important issue now-a- days. This paper defines the techniques used for information hiding, their applications and also discusses the drawbacks of implementing those techniques independently. The motivation for this work includes provision of protection of information during transmission without any detection of information. A PSNR calculator tool has been used for measuring the image quality factors. Further, these parameters have been used to generate graphical outputs and tabular values for comparison with the best known image steganographic techniques. The image quality metrics i.e. higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and lower Mean Square Error (MSE) obtained indicates that the proposed technique for image steganographic is good one as PSNR value is greater than 45 and MSE value lies in 0-1.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The internet as a whole does not use secure links, thus information in transit may be vulnerable to interception as well. It is important to reduce the chances of the information being detected during the transmission. This is an important issue now-a- days. This paper defines the techniques used for information hiding, their applications and also discusses the drawbacks of implementing those techniques independently. The motivation for this work includes provision of protection of information during transmission without any detection of information. A PSNR calculator tool has been used for measuring the image quality factors. Further, these parameters have been used to generate graphical outputs and tabular values for comparison with the best known image steganographic techniques. The image quality metrics i.e. higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and lower Mean Square Error (MSE) obtained indicates that the proposed technique for image steganographic is good one as PSNR value is greater than 45 and MSE value lies in 0-1.
Design of Fractal Antenna forMultiband Applications
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"1d83m","text":"In this paper, the design and fabrication of modified Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna is studied. The analysis took place between ranges of 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz. A Planar antenna with Microstrip feed modified Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry for multiband applications are presented. The multiband behavior is analyzed through two fractal iterations. Self similarity property of fractal technology is applied in the antenna design to reduce the physical size, increase bandwidth and gain. The parameters of the antenna such as radiation pattern return loss directivity, gain, radiation efficiency are simulated using the IE3D electromagnetic simulator","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">In this paper, the design and fabrication of modified Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna is studied. The analysis took place between ranges of 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz. A Planar antenna with Microstrip feed modified Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry for multiband applications are presented. The multiband behavior is analyzed through two fractal iterations. Self similarity property of fractal technology is applied in the antenna design to reduce the physical size, increase bandwidth and gain. The parameters of the antenna such as radiation pattern return loss directivity, gain, radiation efficiency are simulated using the IE3D electromagnetic simulator
Offset Journal Bearing Lubricated withCouple Stress Fluids and its StaticCharacteristics
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"dpksd","text":"The aim of this paper is to study the effect of couple stress fluid on the static performance of an offset journal bearing. To find the pressure profile the Reynolds equation in non-dimensional form is solved using finite difference method. The static characteristics i.e. load carrying capacity, attitude angle and Sommerfeld number are determined and compared with Newtonian fluid. It was found that with the increase in couple stress parameter the load carrying capacity and attitude angle are enhanced and sommerfeld number is decreased. Effect of couple stress parameter on pressure profile is also carried out which shows that maximum increases with couple stress parameter.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The aim of this paper is to study the effect of couple stress fluid on the static performance of an offset journal bearing. To find the pressure profile the Reynolds equation in non-dimensional form is solved using finite difference method. The static characteristics i.e. load carrying capacity, attitude angle and Sommerfeld number are determined and compared with Newtonian fluid. It was found that with the increase in couple stress parameter the load carrying capacity and attitude angle are enhanced and sommerfeld number is decreased. Effect of couple stress parameter on pressure profile is also carried out which shows that maximum increases with couple stress parameter.
FACTS Devices:A Key to Power System Operation and Control
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"b7p92","text":"Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) technology opens up new opportunities for controlling power and enhancing the usable capacity of present, as well as new and upgraded lines. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a second generation FACTS device, which enables independent control of active and reactive power besides improving reliability and quality of the supply. This paper describes the basic principle of operation of UPFC, its advantages and to compare its performance with the various FACTS equipment available.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) technology opens up new opportunities for controlling power and enhancing the usable capacity of present, as well as new and upgraded lines. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a second generation FACTS device, which enables independent control of active and reactive power besides improving reliability and quality of the supply. This paper describes the basic principle of operation of UPFC, its advantages and to compare its performance with the various FACTS equipment available.
Path Analysis in Cluster Bean[Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]Genotypes For Vegetable Pod Yield
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"cbmvg","text":"An experiment was conducted on 30 cluster bean genotypes to study the path analysis among the vegetable pod yield and their direct and indirect effects on the pod yield. This study helps in identifying the characters which mainly contributing towards vegetable pod yield. Using path analysis, it is possible to resolve the correlations, which will provide direct and indirect contribution of different morphological and yield and yield contributing characters. Path analysis identified characters such as days taken for first flowering, days taken for 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, number of pods/cluster, number of clusters/plant, number of branches/plant at maturity, number of seeds/pod, pod yield/plant and pod yield/plot showed significant and positive direct effects on the pod yield (q/ha) at genotypic path coefficient analysis. Path analysis identified characters such as number of reproductive branches/plant, pod length, pod width, number of pods/cluster, number of branches/plant at maturity, number of seeds/pod, pod yield/plot, 100- seed weight and seed yield/plant showed significant and positive direct effects on pod yield (q/ha) at phenotypic path coefficient analysis. Thus present path analysis study in cluster bean, it may be concluded that improvement in pod yield/ha could be brought by selection for component characters like days to 50% flowering, pods/cluster, pod length, number of seeds/pod and pod yield/plant.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">An experiment was conducted on 30 cluster bean genotypes to study the path analysis among the vegetable pod yield and their direct and indirect effects on the pod yield. This study helps in identifying the characters which mainly contributing towards vegetable pod yield. Using path analysis, it is possible to resolve the correlations, which will provide direct and indirect contribution of different morphological and yield and yield contributing characters. Path analysis identified characters such as days taken for first flowering, days taken for 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, number of pods/cluster, number of clusters/plant, number of branches/plant at maturity, number of seeds/pod, pod yield/plant and pod yield/plot showed significant and positive direct effects on the pod yield (q/ha) at genotypic path coefficient analysis. Path analysis identified characters such as number of reproductive branches/plant, pod length, pod width, number of pods/cluster, number of branches/plant at maturity, number of seeds/pod, pod yield/plot, 100- seed weight and seed yield/plant showed significant and positive direct effects on pod yield (q/ha) at phenotypic path coefficient analysis. Thus present path analysis study in cluster bean, it may be concluded that improvement in pod yield/ha could be brought by selection for component characters like days to 50% flowering, pods/cluster, pod length, number of seeds/pod and pod yield/plant.
Software Defined Network;A Next Generation Technology forAdvancement of Networking
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"81bte","text":"The Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from forwarding and is directly programmable. The explosion of mobile devices and content, server virtualization and advent of cloud services are among the trends driving the networking industry to reexamine traditional network architectures. Many conventional networks are hierarchical, built with tiers of Ethernet switches arranged in a tree structure. This design made sense when client-server computing was dominant, but such a static architecture is all suited to the dynamic computing and storage needs of today’s enterprise data centers, campuses and carrier environments. Some of the key computing trends driving the need for a new network paradigm include: challenging traffic patterns, consumarization of IT, rise of cloud services and big data transactions","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">The Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from forwarding and is directly programmable. The explosion of mobile devices and content, server virtualization and advent of cloud services are among the trends driving the networking industry to reexamine traditional network architectures. Many conventional networks are hierarchical, built with tiers of Ethernet switches arranged in a tree structure. This design made sense when client-server computing was dominant, but such a static architecture is all suited to the dynamic computing and storage needs of today’s enterprise data centers, campuses and carrier environments. Some of the key computing trends driving the need for a new network paradigm include: challenging traffic patterns, consumarization of IT, rise of cloud services and big data transactions
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"1g8me","text":"Concrete recycling is an increasingly common method of utilizing the demolished or renovated concrete. The process involved for recycling are crushing, pre-sizing, sorting, screening and contaminant elimination. Further cleaning is necessary to ensure the recycled concrete products is free of dirt, clay, wood, plastic and organic materials. This is done by water floatation, hand picking, air separators and electromagnetic separators. The more care that is put into the quality, the better product we will receive with sound quality control and screening. Seceral advance have made recycling more economical for all types of concrete pavements. These includes:- · development of equipment for breaking concrete be they plain, mesh and doubly continous reinforced. · Develoment of methods to remove steel that minimizes the labour. Use and application of crushing equipments that can accomodate steel reinforcement.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Concrete recycling is an increasingly common method of utilizing the demolished or renovated concrete. The process involved for recycling are crushing, pre-sizing, sorting, screening and contaminant elimination. Further cleaning is necessary to ensure the recycled concrete products is free of dirt, clay, wood, plastic and organic materials. This is done by water floatation, hand picking, air separators and electromagnetic separators. The more care that is put into the quality, the better product we will receive with sound quality control and screening. Seceral advance have made recycling more economical for all types of concrete pavements. These includes:- · development of equipment for breaking concrete be they plain, mesh and doubly continous reinforced. · Develoment of methods to remove steel that minimizes the labour. Use and application of crushing equipments that can accomodate steel reinforcement.
Reduce Disposal Cost and Employement Oppurtunities
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"ek9gn","text":"Wireless sensor network is a crucial field in research area. The scope and applications of wireless sensor networks can be used in the field of Information Technology. These wireless sensor networks are small devices with low energy consumption, memory, transmission range, and computational power. It is essential for WSNs to provide security measures in system to prevent an intruder. Intrusion detection system in wireless sensor networks is an essential security measure. In this thesis we present an intrusion detection framework in which there is no need of prior knowledge of network behavior or a learning process in order to establish this knowledgebase. The Practical approach including average networks in mind, like home network. This proposed network model is dynamic too in nature. This framework is intended to protect the network and ensure reliable and true result.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Wireless sensor network is a crucial field in research area. The scope and applications of wireless sensor networks can be used in the field of Information Technology. These wireless sensor networks are small devices with low energy consumption, memory, transmission range, and computational power. It is essential for WSNs to provide security measures in system to prevent an intruder. Intrusion detection system in wireless sensor networks is an essential security measure. In this thesis we present an intrusion detection framework in which there is no need of prior knowledge of network behavior or a learning process in order to establish this knowledgebase. The Practical approach including average networks in mind, like home network. This proposed network model is dynamic too in nature. This framework is intended to protect the network and ensure reliable and true result.
TCSC: A Solution to Controllable Series Compensation
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"bsmb2","text":"Controllable series compensation is a useful technique to increase the efficiency of operation of existing transmission lines and improve overall power system stability. Up to date, the TCSC is the most adopted solution whenever controllable series compensation is required. This paper introduces the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), a novel FACTS device for series compensation.The principle of operation and some prospective applications of the equipment are presented. Series Capacitive Compensation was introduced decades ago to cancel a portion of the reactive line impedances & thereby increase the transmittable power.Controllable Series Line Compensation is a cornerstone of FACTS technology. It can be applied to achieve full utilization of transmission assets.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Controllable series compensation is a useful technique to increase the efficiency of operation of existing transmission lines and improve overall power system stability. Up to date, the TCSC is the most adopted solution whenever controllable series compensation is required. This paper introduces the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), a novel FACTS device for series compensation.The principle of operation and some prospective applications of the equipment are presented. Series Capacitive Compensation was introduced decades ago to cancel a portion of the reactive line impedances & thereby increase the transmittable power.Controllable Series Line Compensation is a cornerstone of FACTS technology. It can be applied to achieve full utilization of transmission assets.
DC to DC Converters Performance with MPPTAlgorithms using MATLAB SIMULINK & PSPICE
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"enapt","text":"In today’s scenario to provide the regulated output voltage, dc-dc converters are used which works at minimum power loss. Hence maximum power tracking techniques can be used to resolve the problems of maintaining voltage with change in physical conditions. Performance of three famous Dc-Dc converter topologies i.e. Buck, Boost and Buck-boost converter has been examined here. In order to efficiently operate the system at maximum power point, MPPT algorithm such as Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (Inc. Cond.) algorithms must make the system work near to the value of MPP. This paper focuses especially on the MATLAB and PSPICE simulation of DCDC converters. Simulation results are shown for buck, boost and buck-boost converters with certain parameters. Keywords: DC-DC Converters- buck converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter, MPPT techniques, P & O algorithm, Incremental Conduction (Inc. Con.) algorithm.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">In today’s scenario to provide the regulated output voltage, dc-dc converters are used which works at minimum power loss. Hence maximum power tracking techniques can be used to resolve the problems of maintaining voltage with change in physical conditions. Performance of three famous Dc-Dc converter topologies i.e. Buck, Boost and Buck-boost converter has been examined here. In order to efficiently operate the system at maximum power point, MPPT algorithm such as Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (Inc. Cond.) algorithms must make the system work near to the value of MPP. This paper focuses especially on the MATLAB and PSPICE simulation of DCDC converters. Simulation results are shown for buck, boost and buck-boost converters with certain parameters. Keywords: DC-DC Converters- buck converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter, MPPT techniques, P & O algorithm, Incremental Conduction (Inc. Con.) algorithm.
MIRACULOUS-SHELL: Helps in converting Human into Superhuman
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"dkjsf","text":"For over a century, technologists and scientists have actively sought the development of a type of shell and orthoses designed to augment human economy, strength, and endurance. While there are still many challenges associated with this Shell and orthotic design that have yet to be perfected, the advances in the field have been truly impressive.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">For over a century, technologists and scientists have actively sought the development of a type of shell and orthoses designed to augment human economy, strength, and endurance. While there are still many challenges associated with this Shell and orthotic design that have yet to be perfected, the advances in the field have been truly impressive.
THAYER COUNTER-SHADING APPLIED FORCAMOUFLAGING OBJECTS IN IMAGES USING IN- PAINTING
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"41mr0","text":"Camouflaging i s the art of hiding objects in plain sight using colors/ patterns that blend with the background to cover the objects in question. It i s a wid ely used technique in the armed forces of almost all the nations since the advent of modern warfare. Given the context, there are many types of camouflage clothing as military uniforms suiting the terrain/ vegetation where the military units are deployed. The widespread use of such clothing has given rise to the noun “ camouflage” to mean such clothing. However camouflaging the objects may n ot be the final solution for the problem of secrecy as modern techniques l ike computer vision and object identification using pattern recognition and feature isolation still pose a threat to camouflaging. In this paper we discuss an adaptation of a technique developed by Abb ott Thayer in the beginning of the 20 th century in his paintings to hide objects using a combination of l ight and resulting shadows to effectively hide objects inside an image. The idea i s suited for transmission of images in any networ k that i s exposed to external threats. The images would have a set of objects that are already camouflaged. Our techniqu e is to modify the image using Thayer counter - shading for image in - painting to blend the objects of interest completely with the background so that without the aid of the inverse function the objects are rendered practically invisible.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Camouflaging i s the art of hiding objects in plain sight using colors/ patterns that blend with the background to cover the objects in question. It i s a wid ely used technique in the armed forces of almost all the nations since the advent of modern warfare. Given the context, there are many types of camouflage clothing as military uniforms suiting the terrain/ vegetation where the military units are deployed. The widespread use of such clothing has given rise to the noun “ camouflage” to mean such clothing. However camouflaging the objects may n ot be the final solution for the problem of secrecy as modern techniques l ike computer vision and object identification using pattern recognition and feature isolation still pose a threat to camouflaging. In this paper we discuss an adaptation of a technique developed by Abb ott Thayer in the beginning of the 20 th century in his paintings to hide objects using a combination of l ight and resulting shadows to effectively hide objects inside an image. The idea i s suited for transmission of images in any networ k that i s exposed to external threats. The images would have a set of objects that are already camouflaged. Our techniqu e is to modify the image using Thayer counter - shading for image in - painting to blend the objects of interest completely with the background so that without the aid of the inverse function the objects are rendered practically invisible.
Design of Inset Feed Rectangular Micro Strip PatchAntenna For Wireless Application
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"5j649","text":"In this work a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on FR4 glass epoxy substrate having thickness 1.6 mm. The feeding technique used in the designed antenna is inset feed. The proposed antenna is designed for a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The various parameters of the antenna like return loss; gain, directivity, radiation pattern exc. are investigated. The relationship between geometric sizes of the patch and the electrical parameter specifications of the antenna is researched.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">In this work a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on FR4 glass epoxy substrate having thickness 1.6 mm. The feeding technique used in the designed antenna is inset feed. The proposed antenna is designed for a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The various parameters of the antenna like return loss; gain, directivity, radiation pattern exc. are investigated. The relationship between geometric sizes of the patch and the electrical parameter specifications of the antenna is researched.
Effects of Superplasticizers on Fresh and HardenedPortland Cement Concrete Characteristics
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"30nhe","text":"Superplasticizer or high-range water reducer is a specific type of admixtures that is used to produce low water-cement ratio high-strength concrete with normal or enhanced workability. Therefore, by using superplasticizers, it became easier for contractors nowadays to place highly workable, durable, pumpable concretewith higherstrength, and evenwith less cost than using otherwaysto produceconcretewith such properties. The effects of superplasticizers on physical properties of hardened and fresh concrete have been studied in this paper by using different dosages of superplasticizer. The compressive strength tests were conducted for concrete samples of different dosages at 7 days and 28 days to determine the properties of hardened concrete, while the slump tests were conducted to determine the properties of fresh concrete as well. The results show that thehighest compressive strength at 28 days was achieved at 3% dosage of superplasticizer, while the highest compressive strength at 7days achieved at 1% dosage. Whereas, using higher dosage of superplasticizer resulted in a lower compressive strength with very high slump value","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}">Superplasticizer or high-range water reducer is a specific type of admixtures that is used to produce low water-cement ratio high-strength concrete with normal or enhanced workability. Therefore, by using superplasticizers, it became easier for contractors nowadays to place highly workable, durable, pumpable concretewith higherstrength, and evenwith less cost than using otherwaysto produceconcretewith such properties. The effects of superplasticizers on physical properties of hardened and fresh concrete have been studied in this paper by using different dosages of superplasticizer. The compressive strength tests were conducted for concrete samples of different dosages at 7 days and 28 days to determine the properties of hardened concrete, while the slump tests were conducted to determine the properties of fresh concrete as well. The results show that thehighest compressive strength at 28 days was achieved at 3% dosage of superplasticizer, while the highest compressive strength at 7days achieved at 1% dosage. Whereas, using higher dosage of superplasticizer resulted in a lower compressive strength with very high slump value
A Novel Testing Framework for SOA Based Services
<div data-draftjs-conductor-fragment="{"blocks":[{"key":"1vs4o","text":"Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become one of the vital backbones of business realignment in a cost effective manner, as more and more business enterprises are adopting SOA. So, it becomes very important for defect free delivery and its mapping to business requirement. SOA has changed the way business enterprises get aligned with technology with a very fast pace keeping the demand of re- alignment time very short. Testing of services becomes equally important in SOA implementation in the context of enterprise architecture, business re- alignment etc. Manual test case generation is time consuming. Manual test cases lose their usability after some time because services are dynamically published, bound, invoked and integrated. This makes automatic test case generation more important. This report investigated various SOA testing perspectives and SOA testing challenges. We reviewed some related work on automatic test case generation for SOA based application. In this report a complete study of the SOA basics is done and then various testing approaches are explained, We have proposed a novel testing framework for SOA based services. To test the SOA based services we used web service description language (WSDL) file of that services The implementation of service, test case generation from model and then testing of the service is also explained.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"attributes":{"className":""}}}],"entityMap":{}}"> Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become one of the vital backbones of business realignment in a cost effective manner, as more and more business enterprises are adopting SOA. So, it becomes very important for defect free delivery and its mapping to business requirement. SOA has changed the way business enterprises get aligned with technology with a very fast pace keeping the demand of re- alignment time very short. Testing of services becomes equally important in SOA implementation in the context of enterprise architecture, business re- alignment etc. Manual test case generation is time consuming. Manual test cases lose their usability after some time because services are dynamically published, bound, invoked and integrated. This makes automatic test case generation more important. This report investigated various SOA testing perspectives and SOA testing challenges. We reviewed some related work on automatic test case generation for SOA based application. In this report a complete study of the SOA basics is done and then various testing approaches are explained, We have proposed a novel testing framework for SOA based services. To test the SOA based services we used web service description language (WSDL) file of that services The implementation of service, test case generation from model and then testing of the service is also explained.